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Enduring Understandings
- important ideas that students should carry with them years beyond the
instruction received this year.
- The six simple machines are the lever, screw, pulley,
wheel and axle, inclined plane, and wedge.
- Levers and pulleys are simple machines used to make
work easier by changing the effort (force) to move a load or overcome a
resistance.
- The greater the distance the force is applied, the
less effort is necessary to lift the load.
- Machines do not increase the quantity of work, they
spread the work out over a longer distance.
- A lever system can be changed by moving the position
of the load, effort, and fulcrum.
- Effort is the force needed to move a load or overcome
a resistance.
Essential Questions
- most important “big picture” questions students should be able to answer
after completing learning activities.
- What are some different simple machines?
- How can a lever and pulley make work easier and
how much effort is needed to lift the load?
- Which lever/pulley system gives the greatest
advantage?
- What are the parts of a lever system?
- How can a lever system be changed?
- What is effort and how does it apply to simple
machines? How many ways can lever and pulley systems be assembled?
District 11 curriculum is
designed to prepare and equip students to be successful in the 21st Century.
Curriculum resources and lessons included here have been aligned to the
Colorado Standards for each content area. In addition, the entire program
has been aligned with the knowledge, skills, and learner attributes the
Partnership for 21st Century Skills promotes as
necessary for success in the 21st Century. You will see the highlighted core
values embedded in these lessons and activities.
Highest
Frequency Standards
 High
Frequency Standards  Other
Standards & E-skills
Standard 1: Students
understand the processes of scientific investigation and design, conduct,
communicate about, and evaluate such investigations. (1.a., 1.b., 1.c.,
1.e., 1.f., 1.g., 1.h., 1.i., 1.j.)
Standard 2: Students know
and understand common properties, forms, and changes in matter and energy.
(2.1.a., 2.2.a., 2.2.b., 2.3.a., 2.3.b.,)
Standard 5: Students know and understand
interrelationships among science, technology, and human activity and how
they can affect the world. (5.c., 5.d.)
Standard 6: Students understand the processes of
scientific investigation and design, conduct, communicate about, and
evaluate such investigations. (6.a., 6.d., 6.f.) |
Sample Units
District
11 Diamond Units/Lessons Overview - includes information about the
purpose, goals and structure of these sample instructional units:
Science Leveled Readers With Audio
Unit Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Lever - a simple machine that people use to gain a mechanical
advantage, such as making work easier
Lever arm - a stick or beam free to pivot at a point
Fulcrum - the point where the lever arm pivots
Load - the mass lifted or the resistance overcome by a lever
Effort - the force needed to move a load or overcome a resistance
Coordinate - they show relationships between two variables
Advantage - a benefit obtained by using a lever (or other simple
machine)
Diagram - a drawing that describes the relationship
of all the parts of a system
Resistance -
Pulley - a wheel with a grooved rim in which a rope can run to
change the direction of the pull (force) that lifts a load
Fixed pulley - has a wheel that is attached to something above the
load
Movable pulley - has a wheel that is attached to the load
Mechanical - reduces the effort needed to lift a load or overcome a
resistance;
Advantage - it results from using a simple machine
Directional - a change in direction that results from passing a rope
through an advantage
Simple machine - any of the six basic devices that provide
mechanical or other advantage, such as pulleys and levers
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Research confirms that students must have at least 6
opportunities through varied means to experience the same
vocabulary before it can be applied. Here are 6 sample
methods for teaching the vocabulary for this unit:
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Parents
Simple machines are found everywhere in our modern-day world.
Challenge your child to find the use of levers and pulleys throughout your
home. |
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